This systematic review is designed to synthesize evidence regarding the environmental and human health implications of organic waste-based bioplastics in sustainable food packaging applications. The review will focus on organic waste valorization, food packaging performance, biodegradability, compostability, migration, toxicity, ecotoxicity, environmental fate, food-contact safety, and human health implications of bioplastic and bio-based packaging materials derived from organic waste or biomass sources, including agricultural residues, food waste, fruit peels, agro-industrial by-products, and other biomass residues. The review will be conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guideline. Literature searches will be conducted in Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and SpringerLink for peer-reviewed studies published between 2016 and 2026. Eligible studies will include original research articles related to organic waste-, food waste-, agricultural waste-, biomass-, or agro-industrial residue-based bioplastics or bio-based materials for food packaging applications. Study selection will be carried out through a multi-stage screening process consisting of duplicate removal, title screening, abstract screening, and full-text eligibility assessment. The screening process will be conducted by the primary reviewer using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies with unclear eligibility will be discussed with the academic supervisory team until consensus is reached. Data will be extracted using a standardized extraction form covering bibliographic information, study characteristics, waste sources, biopolymer matrices, food packaging applications, functional properties, biodegradability or environmental fate outcomes, and safety-related outcomes such as migration, non-intentionally added substances, cytotoxicity, biotoxicity, ecotoxicity, and nanoparticle-related safety concerns. A formal meta-analysis is not planned because the included studies are expected to be heterogeneous in terms of materials, formulations, fabrication methods, food applications, testing conditions, and reported outcomes. Therefore, data synthesis will be conducted using a narrative thematic approach. The synthesis will focus on characteristics of included studies, organic waste valorization and circular economy, functional performance, active and intelligent packaging development, biodegradability and environmental fate, environmental and human health implications, and research gaps for future research. This review is expected to provide comprehensive evidence on the development of safe and sustainable organic waste-based bioplastic packaging systems and their implications for environmental health, food-contact safety, and human health protection.
Fika Ardiani (Thu,) studied this question.