Investigating the Relationship between Social and Cultural Factors and Underdevelopment in Ardabil Province

November 23, 2025Open Access

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Key Points

This research aims to investigate the relationship between social and cultural factors and underdevelopment in Ardabil Province.
Descriptive-explanatory survey method employed.
Sample included 382 individuals selected through stratified random sampling from a population of 377,000 households.
Data analyzed to correlate social factors with levels of underdevelopment.
Social factors showed a significant inverse relationship with underdevelopment; stronger social security correlated with lower underdevelopment (0.68 effect size).
Social trust, quality of life, and social participation also demonstrated significant negative correlations with underdevelopment (0.55, 0.49, and 0.36, respectively).
Media consumption had a direct relationship with higher levels of underdevelopment, whereas cultural goods consumption was not significantly related.

Survey examines the link between social and cultural factors and underdevelopment in Ardabil, suggesting implications for improvement.

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Givi et al. (2025) studied this question.

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