Epstein-Barr Virus is the Cause of Breast Cancer

Background:The viral etiology of breast cancer remains controversial despite substantial evidence linking Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to the disease.Material and methods:We re-analyzed data from two landmark studies (Bonnet et al., 1999; Cox et al., 2010;) using the logical framework of necessary and sufficient conditions, with right-tailed p-values for statistical significance.Results:The necessary condition yielded p(EBV ← BC) = 0.9837 (p = 0.0175). The sufficient condition yielded p(EBV → BC) = 0.9769 (p = 0.0308). Both relationships were statistically significant despite design limitations (IOU = 0.4649).Conclusion:EBV satisfies both necessary and sufficient conditions for breast cancer, supporting a causal role. The burden of proof now rests with those who would argue otherwise.