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June 23, 2026Open Access

Analysis of knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding breast self-examination among female healthcare workers in Northern India

Key Points

To assess and compare knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to breast cancer prevention through breast self-examination (BSE) among female healthcare workers in Northern India.
Cross-sectional study conducted among 612 female healthcare workers at a tertiary center in Northern India.
Data collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic details, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding BSE, CBE, and mammography.
Quantitative analysis of survey responses and qualitative assessment of barriers and facilitators using SPSS version 27.
38.4% of participants performed BSE monthly despite 88% being aware of it.
Only 15.9% had undergone clinical breast examination (CBE), while awareness of mammography was 85.7%.
Knowledge levels were 26.6% strong, 37.7% fair, and 35.7% low, indicating a gap between knowledge and practice.

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the most common cause of cancer among female worldwide and a leading cause of cancer related mortality. Early detection through screening methods like Breast self Examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography can improve prognosis. To assess and compare the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to breast cancer prevention through breast self-examination (BSE) among female healthcare workers in Northern population of India. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 612 female healthworkers at tertiary centre in Norhern India. The study involved quantitative analysis of survey responses as well as qualitative assessments of barriers and facilitators. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic details, knowledge of risk factors and symptoms, and attitudes and practices related to BSE, CBE, and mammography. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS version 27. The majority of participants showed a modest level of knowledge of the symptoms and risk factors of breast cancer. While reproductive and hormonal risk factors were poorly understood, common risk variables like age, smoking, and family history were well known. Only 38.4% of participants did BSE on a monthly basis, despite the fact that 88% of participants had heard of it and 81.6% thought it was helpful. Though only 15.9% had undergone CBE, awareness of mammography (85.7%) and CBE (62.8%) was quite high. In all, 26.6% had strong knowledge, 37.7% had fair knowledge, and 35.7% had low knowledge. Although views toward screening were generally positive, there was a noticeable discrepancy between what was known and what was actually done. This study underscores the importance of targeted educational initiatives and training programs to bridge the gap in knowledge and practice of BSE among female healthcare workers. Strengthening awareness and adherence to breast cancer prevention practices in healthcare professionals can significantly contribute to early detection and improved outcomes.

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