Why the study?
CVD remains the leading cause of death and disability globally, with high systolic blood pressure as a critical modifiable risk factor, prompting analysis of temporal trends and future projections to 2045.
Population
Global population across 1990 to 2021
Design
Systematic analysis based on GBD 2021 data using joinpoint and age-period-cohort models
Key result
From 1990 to 2021, the global age-standardized mortality rate for cardiovascular disease attributed to high systolic blood pressure decreased significantly with an average annual percent change of -1.43%, despite an increase in absolute deaths.
Authors
Loading...
Alerts clinicians to sustained HSBP-CVD burden; leaves open optimal prevention targets for 2045 projections.
Observational
Effect estimate: AAPC -1.43% (95% CI -1.64 to -1.22)
p-value: p=<0.001
Despite a decline in age-standardized mortality and DALY rates, the absolute global burden of cardiovascular disease attributed to high systolic blood pressure has significantly increased from 1990 to 2021, driven by population growth and aging.
Hu et al. (2025) conducted an observational in Cardiovascular disease attributed to high systolic blood pressure. High systolic blood pressure vs. 1990 baseline was evaluated on Age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for cardiovascular disease attributable to high systolic blood pressure (AAPC -1.43%, 95% CI -1.64 to -1.22, p=<0.001). From 1990 to 2021, the global age-standardized mortality rate for cardiovascular disease attributed to high systolic blood pressure decreased significantly with an average annual percent change of -1.43%, despite an increase in absolute deaths.