The combination of frailty and metabolic syndrome was associated with an increased risk of developing MAFLD (HR 2.92; 95% CI 2.45–3.47) and progressing to NIDDM (HR 4.21; 95% CI 2.23–7.96).
Cohort (n=165,555)
Yes
Does the combination of frailty and metabolic syndrome increase the risk of developing and progressing through MAFLD, NIDDM, and all-cause mortality?
The combination of frailty and metabolic syndrome significantly increases the risk of developing metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and its progression to type 2 diabetes.
Effect estimate: HR 2.92 (95% CI 2.45-3.47)
Objective Frailty is a global public health issue, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is also associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes. However, the relationship between the combined effects of these two factors and the occurrence and progression of long-term diseases remains unclear. Methods This is a population-based cohort study involving 165,555 participants from the UK Biobank. We combined frailty status scores with metabolic condition scores to assess the predictive value. Associations were assessed using multi-state model, corrected Cox models, restricted cubic spline, stratified analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results During the 12.7-year follow-up period, 3,585 individuals were newly diagnosed with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), among whom 170 developed non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 699 died from all causes. Compared with Group 1(neither frailty nor MetS), the HR and 95% confidence intervals for Group 4 (both frailty and MetS) was 2.92 (2.45–3.47) for MAFLD, 4.21 (2.23–7.96) for MAFLD→NIDDM, and 1.22 (0.75–2.02) for MAFLD→Death. The Kaplan-Meier analysis further confirmed these findings. Consistent findings regarding the frailty phenotype and MetS had also been observed in the progression of NIDDM. Conclusion This study demonstrates a positive association between frailty phenotype and MetS in disease onset and progression, and their combined assessment enables a more effective early risk stratification.
Wang et al. (Tue,) conducted a cohort in Fatty liver disease and diabetes mellitus (n=165,555). Frailty and metabolic syndrome (Group 4) vs. Neither frailty nor metabolic syndrome (Group 1) was evaluated on Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) (HR 2.92, 95% CI 2.45-3.47). The combination of frailty and metabolic syndrome was associated with an increased risk of developing MAFLD (HR 2.92; 95% CI 2.45–3.47) and progressing to NIDDM (HR 4.21; 95% CI 2.23–7.96).