Key result
Heart failure linked to VTE and higher mortality and bleeding risks following PE.
Heart failure is a significant risk factor for venous thromboembolism, and concurrent heart failure and pulmonary embolism present diagnostic challenges and increased mortality and bleeding risks.
May warrant VTE vigilance during HF hospitalization; leaves open optimal prophylaxis strategies pending prospective trials.
Heart failure (HF) is strongly associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) through mechanisms of hypercoagulability, venous stasis, and endothelial dysfunction. Patients with HF who develop pulmonary embolism present diagnostic challenges due to overlapping symptoms, and they experience higher risks of mortality and bleeding compared with those without HF. Current evidence highlights HF hospitalization as a major transient risk factor for VTE and chronic HF as an intermediate risk factor for recurrence. This article summarizes the pathophysiological links, prognostic implications, and anticoagulation strategies for patients with HF and VTE.
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Farid-Zahran et al. (2026) studied this question. Heart failure is strongly associated with venous thromboembolism and confers higher mortality and bleeding risks in patients who develop pulmonary embolism compared to those without heart failure.
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