Large-Surface-Area Bi ₂ Sn ₂ O ₇ Quantum Dots for Room-Temperature 1-Octanol Sensing: A Combined Experimental and Density Functional Theory Study

), demonstrated a wide detection range of 1-50 ppm, exhibiting a remarkable response of 75.06 ± 1.25 at 50 ppm under 30% relative humidity. Additionally, the sensor displayed excellent reproducibility, long-term stability, and significant selectivity toward 1-octanol. Further mechanistic insights were obtained through valence band spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, which provided a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the electronic structure and gas adsorption behavior. These findings demonstrate the potential of BSO-based sensors for practical applications in detecting 1-octanol at 30% RH, highlighting its significance as a key biomarker for agricultural VOCs.