Cytomegalovirus and HIV Co-Infections During Pregnancy and Early Childhood

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the epidemiology of Cytomegalovirus infections in children exposed to or infected with HIV and the impact of CMV infection on overall health outcomes in this population. RECENT FINDINGS: CMV infections and cCMV remain a significant burden in HIV exposed and HIV infected children requiring close long-term follow-up. While CMV disease occurs rarely in HIV-infected individuals in the ART-era, the complex interplay between CMV and HIV could have a major impact on childhood health outcomes in HIV-infected and exposed children. Congenital CMV infection (cCMV) is well recognized as the most common congenital viral infection and the leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). CMV-HIV co-infections have been shown to increase the incidence of cCMV, but effect on long-term outcomes remains largely undetermined at this time.