Indian federalism and ties with neighbouring countries: India-Bangladesh river water sharing matters

This article examines how Indian states shape foreign policy toward neighbouring countries. Particularly, the policies affecting the border states’ population and resources, such as water. It analyses the transboundary river water issues between India and Bangladesh. The Union Government had agreed to the Teesta River deal, but due to strong opposition by the West Bengal government, the pact remains inconclusive. The West Bengal government has also raised issues with the renewal of the Ganga/Ganges Waters Treaty between India and Bangladesh. The article also investigates why the Union government, despite being constitutionally and legally powerful to make decisions in the foreign policy arena, did not proceed with implementing the Teesta River deal with Bangladesh.