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June 27, 2026ObesitiesOpen Access

Smoking, Central Obesity, and Periodontitis Among Iraqi Dental Patients: Exploring Metabolic-Behavioral Risk Clustering in a Cross-Sectional Study

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Authors

MAMohamed Saeed M. AliOAOmar Husham AliHAHadeel Mazin Akram

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Overview

Cross-sectional study examines the impact of smoking and obesity on periodontitis among Iraqi dental patients, suggesting age is a key influencing factor.

Key Points

  • This study aims to explore the combined effects of smoking and central obesity on periodontitis among dental patients in Iraq.
  • Cross-sectional analysis of records from 420 adult dental patients at the University of Baghdad.
  • Logistic regression models were employed to assess associations between smoking, obesity indicators, and periodontitis.
  • Demographic data including age, smoking status, BMI, and WHtR were included in the analysis.
  • The overall prevalence of periodontitis was 36.4%, with older participants more likely to have the condition (p < 0.0001).
  • Age was the strongest predictor of periodontitis (OR = 1.15 per year; 95% CI: 1.11–1.18; p < 0.001).
  • The relationship between smoking and periodontitis varied by WHtR category (interaction term p = 0.016), though findings are limited by study design.

Cite This Study

Ali et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a3f68a3aea7db3c1953facahttps://doi.org/10.3390/obesities6040044
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1The impact of body mass index on periodontitis: a cross-sectional study2025 · 1 citations
  2. 2Assessing the Interrelationship of Obesity Indicators with Periodontal Health in a Cohort of Pakistani Population2024
  3. 3Association Between Smoking and Central Obesity in Individuals Aged ≥40 Years Based on the Indonesian Family Life Survey-52025
  4. 4The role of smoking as a risk indicator for apical periodontitis and endodontic status: a cross-sectional study of a portuguese adult sample2026
  5. 5Muscle weakness, greater fat mass, lower hematocrit levels, and advanced age in a diagnostic prediction model of periodontitis in adults with obesity: a cross-sectional study2026