Preprint demonstrates conditions for structural existence of granular systems, suggesting implications for engineering applications.
This preprint presents the most fundamental level of Static Enthalpy Equilibrium (SEE) by addressing the structural existence problem of dry granular systems under gravity. Instead of starting from an already existing granular body, the work investigates the conditions under which a load-bearing granular structure can exist at all. The analysis identifies the regular tetrahedral cell as the elementary closure-capable configuration of granular matter, derives the origin of spreading forces from inclined load transmission, and establishes structural closure as the fundamental existence criterion of load-bearing granular states. Repeated formation of closure-capable states naturally leads to self-supporting growth, self-organization, and the emergence of the granular heap as the first observable macroscopic solution. Within the SEE framework, this manuscript provides the structural foundation upon which subsequent developments involving external loading, buoyancy, hydraulic coupling, and liquefaction are built. It is released as a preprint to support scientific discussion and future peer-reviewed publication.
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Manfred Wittig (2026) studied this question.
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