What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Other. Population: Coronary artery stenosis (simulated). Intervention: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and ultrasonic echolocation. Primary outcome: Deviation of calculated values of the dimensionless criterion defining the relative length of the recirculation zone (ξ) from empirical data.

What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to investigate vortex formation characteristics in a model vessel representing coronary arteries and assess its implications for hemodynamics.

June 27, 2026The European Physical Journal Special Topics0 citationsOpen Access

Obtaining vortex formation in vessel with stenosis by ultrasonic echolocation: experimental research and computer simulation

ISIlya StarodumovUral Federal University KMKsenia MakhaevaUral Federal University SSSergey SokolovUral Federal University

Key Result

A mathematical model for assessing vortex zones in stenotic vessels was validated against ultrasound data, with the deviation in the relative length of the recirculation zone not exceeding 10%.

Key Points

This research aims to investigate vortex formation characteristics in a model vessel representing coronary arteries and assess its implications for hemodynamics.
Developed a one-component mathematical model for vortex zones.
Conducted a parametric study based on dynamic similarity theory.
Validated the model by comparing numerical simulations with ultrasound data.
Deviation of calculated values of the dimensionless criterion for recirculation zone is within 10% of empirical data.
Increased viscous properties and density significantly alter vortex size and geometry.
Differences in microscale systems can reach up to 70% in vortex characteristics.

Structured PICO

Population

In vitro and in silico experimental study of vortex formation in a model vessel simulating coronary artery stenosis.

Intervention

One-component mathematical model and parametric study based on dynamic similarity theory

Comparator

Empirical ultrasound data

Outcome

Characteristics of vortex zones (relative length of the recirculation zone)surrogate

A proposed mathematical model accurately predicts vortex formation in stenosed vessels, with deviations from empirical ultrasound data under 10%, offering a reliable tool for analyzing complex hemodynamics.

Limitations

Low spatial resolution near the vessel walls, quality of the ultrasonic signal, and influence of noise on determining vortex boundaries.
Blood was modeled in the Newtonian approximation rather than as a heterogeneous non-Newtonian fluid.
Only two solutions were considered when assessing the effect of rheology on vortex formation due to technical limitations of the hydrodynamic setup.

Abstract

Abstract This article investigates the characteristics of vortex formation in a model vessel similar to a coronary artery. To assess the characteristics of the vortex zones, a one-component mathematical model was proposed, and a parametric study was conducted based on the theory of dynamic similarity. The validity and applicability of the developed mathematical model were confirmed by comparing the results of numerical simulations with ultrasound data. The applicability of the dynamic similarity theory has been experimentally and theoretically substantiated: the deviation of the calculated values of the dimensionless criterion defining the relative length of the recirculation zone (ξ) from empirical data does not exceed 10%, which corresponds to the accuracy for CFD models. Thus, it is shown that Re is a good similarity criterion between the experimental setup and the mathematical model. A quantitative assessment of the influence of the rheological properties of the model medium on the size of vortex structures has been carried out: an increase in the viscous properties and density of the medium leads to a pronounced change in the geometry and size of the recirculation area. In the conditions of microscale systems, the revealed differences can reach 70%. The results obtained confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach for the analysis of complex hemodynamic phenomena.

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