Whose tensions? Mapping stakeholder conflict perceptions in rural destinations

Rural tourism can support livelihood diversification, yet conflicting stakeholder interests often limit its benefits. Drawing on conflict theory, this study uses Q methodology to examine how stakeholders in Iranian rural destinations perceive such conflicts. Findings reveal four distinct patterns: local communities and managers stress cultural, environmental, and economic tensions; tourists and business owners highlight socio-cultural and governance issues; government representatives note clashes between tourism growth and resource protection. Theoretically, the study extends conflict theory by showing how structural inequalities and differing perceptions shape rural tourism outcomes. It highlights how conflict is not simply a barrier but also a lens through which power relations and resource struggles can be analyzed in tourism contexts. By locating rural tourism conflicts within a broader theoretical perspective, this research advances discussions on sustainable and just rural development, with particular relevance for the Global South.