A comparative study of machine learning and deep learning methods for energy balance prediction in a hybrid building-renewable energy system

Abstract Globally, the construction industry is experiencing an increase in energy demand, which has significant environmental and economic repercussions. To address these issues, it is now possible for buildings, vehicles, and renewable energy sources to collaborate and function as an advanced, integrated, and environmentally favorable system that meets the high energy demands of contemporary buildings. To attain maximum efficiency, however, it is necessary to create reliable energy demand forecasting models. In this research, by introducing the energy model of a neighbourhood with buildings with solar panels and electric vehicles, the final balance of energy production and consumption for each building and the whole neighbourhood as a micro grid is predicted. DesignBuilder is used to model neighbourhood buildings, and K-Nearest neighbor (KNN), Regression Support Vector (SVR), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), and Deep neural networks (DNN) algorithms in machine learning are used to predict the final energy balance. a comparative analysis of the performance of the KNN, SVR, AdaBoost, and DNN algorithms was conducted to determine which algorithm is the most effective in predicting energy balance. Finally, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) has been used to validate the prediction models. The results show that the KNN, SVR, AdaBoost, and DNN algorithms had RMSE values of 0.56, 0.92, 0.95, and 0.53, respectively. Among these algorithms, the DNN and KNN algorithms had more accurate results than the other used algorithms and as a result of this research, An accurate forecast of neighbourhood energy balance was made. This study takes a novel approach by developing a model that takes into account an integrated system of houses, solar cells, and electric consumption for each building in a neighborhood, which can help to optimize energy consumption and reduce environmental impact.