Regional moment tensor estimation with 3D velocity models – Application to the 2017 Hojedk, Iran sequence and performance assessment

Summary We estimated seismic moment tensors (MTs) for the 2017 magnitude M6 Hojedk, Central Iran, earthquake triplet and their aftershocks, employing 1D and 3D regional and global velocity models to evaluate source parameter stability and resolution fitting in-country waveform data. We used the Moment Tensor Uncertainty Quantification (MTUQ) software, which performs a grid search for MT estimation and uncertainty analysis. For the regional 3D velocity model, we used MEAD-M20, a full-waveform inversion model of the Middle East derived from fitting 15-s body waves with 30-s body and surface waves. We compared the regional 1D- and 3D-based results with an existing database of deviatoric MT solutions, and for both regional velocity models, we found good agreement. However, for periods T ≥ 25–30 s and events with moment magnitudes Mw≥ 4.5, the 3D regional synthetic seismograms outperformed the 1D regional model, reducing waveform misfits, time shifts, and non-double-couple contributions. We consider non-double-couple contributions spurious and their reduction an improvement, as previous studies of the sequence found predominantly shear faulting on reverse faults. Furthermore, uncertainty analysis shows that the moment tensor, non-double-couple component, magnitude, and depth are more tightly constrained for the 3D model. The current 3D model shows no clear improvements relative to the 1D model in terms of misfit, time-shifts, and non-double-couple contributions at short periods T ≈ 15-25 s relevant for modeling smaller events. Using the regional models results in lower misfits and tighter constraints on the MT solutions than with the global 1D PREM and the 3D S2.9EA models. Improved MT estimation and parameter resolution for moderate-to-large events using in-country data validate the recently developed 3D Middle East velocity model. Further model refinements are needed to model shorter-period data required to analyze and improve the resolution of smaller (M ≤ 4) seismic events. Such improvements are within reach by using available in-country data and well-constrained MT solutions from a regional moment tensor database.