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June 28, 2026Child Indicators ResearchOpen Access

Parental Distress in Infancy Potentially Predicts Children’s Distress 17 Years Later: Evidence from the Millennium Cohort Study

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Authors

YLYingyi LiuQXQiuzhi Xie

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Overview

Longitudinal study reveals parental distress predicts adolescent distress, suggesting important relationships affect outcomes.

Key Points

  • This study aims to determine if parental distress in infancy predicts adolescent distress and to explore the mechanisms involved.
  • Analyzed data from 16,039 families participating in the Millennium Cohort Study in the UK.
  • Used structural equation modeling to assess the relationships between parental distress and adolescent distress.
  • Considered parent-child relationship quality as a potential mediator.
  • Maternal and paternal distress at 9 months had small but statistically significant effects on adolescent distress at age 17.
  • Reduced mother-child relationship quality at age 3 partially mediated the association between parental and adolescent distress.
  • A bidirectional effect was observed, where distress in one parent influenced the other's relationship with the child.

Cite This Study

Liu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a40ba2161bb0a67205c6287https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-026-10407-1
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1The Course of Parental Psychological Distress in Childhood and Adolescent Depression2024 · 1 citations
  2. 2Paternal and maternal psychological distress and adolescent health risk behaviors: The role of sensitive periods2024
  3. 3Parental Psychological Distress and Perceived Child Externalizing Behaviors: Examining Mediators and Bidirectional Effects2026 · 1 citations
  4. 4Childhood Trajectories of Paternal and Maternal Psychological Distress and Decision-making in Early Adolescence2024
  5. 5Parent-adolescent intergenerational transmission of distress: the roles of family climate, adolescents' self-compassion and mindfulness.2025