High-Adhesion Sensing and Detection Enabled by a Multifunctional Conductive Hydrogel Incorporating Polyaniline and Nucleotides

Developing conductive hydrogels with simultaneously high adhesion, mechanical robustness, and stable electrical response remains a significant challenge due to poor filler dispersion and weak interfacial interactions. Herein, we propose a mechanism-guided strategy by integrating ionic-liquid-regulated polyaniline (IL-PANI) networks with dynamic adenine-thymine (A-T) hydrogen bonding into a poly(acrylic acid/AMPS) matrix. The dual ionic liquids (C 4 and C 12 ) synergistically modulate the dispersion state and doping level of polyaniline(PANI), forming continuous electronic pathways, while A-T base pairs introduce reversible physical cross-links for efficient energy dissipation and interfacial adhesion. As a result, the hydrogel exhibits ultrahigh stretchability (2718%), high toughness (430 kJ·m –3 ), and enhanced conductivity (8.81 mS·cm –1 ). Notably, the dynamic multi-interaction network enables robust adhesion (up to 5.9 kPa) and fast electromechanical response. This work provides insights into coupling molecular recognition with conductive network regulation for advanced wearable sensing applications.