Susceptibility of Turkish Mediterranean populations of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to flupyradifurone, acetamiprid and sulfoxaflor

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a major agricultural pest, and excessive insecticide use has reduced susceptibility in many populations, making resistance monitoring essential for effective resistance management. In this study, LC₅₀ values of B. tabaci populations collected in 2022 from the Mediterranean Region of Türkiye (Antalya, Mersin, Adana, and Hatay) were determined using the leaf-dip method for flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, and sulfoxaflor. Resistance ratios were calculated relative to the susceptible SUD-S strain. LC₅₀ values ranged from 1.16-6.92 mg (a.i.)/L for flupyradifurone, 7.06-43.39 mg (a.i.)/L for acetamiprid, and 0.96-72.68 mg (a.i.)/L for sulfoxaflor, with corresponding resistance ratios of 6.79-39.29, 38.2-234.5, and 3.83-290.7-fold. Resistance levels were low to high for flupyradifurone, high to very high for acetamiprid, and low to very high for sulfoxaflor. Given the high acetamiprid resistance, its use should be minimized, while rotation of sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone with other modes of action is recommended. Although flupyradifurone is relatively new, the observed reduction in susceptibility highlights the need to investigate potential cross-resistance and underlying mechanisms.