Redefining therapeutic horizons in thymic epithelial tumors: precision, combinations, and emerging biology

Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare and diverse cancers with distinctive immune features, limited prospective evidence, and few systemic options. Their association with autoimmunity, especially thymomas, complicates treatment decisions. This review examines molecular profiling and predictive biomarkers in TET and explores new treatment strategies. We highlight priorities for future trials, global registries, and real-world data to expand access to expert, multidisciplinary care, charting a path toward precision-guided, combination-based treatments.