A pilot study investigating the feasibility of a positive body image yoga intervention for men and women across adulthood

Yoga interventions have been shown to promote positive body image, although these studies have focused predominantly on young women. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a positive body image yoga intervention in a sample of men and women across the adult lifespan and to examine the potential changes in body image following the intervention. Sixty-two adults (≥18 years of age) who were not engaging in yoga and scored a 4 or lower on a measure of body appreciation (to avoid ceiling effects) were recruited from a small Canadian city. Participants were randomly assigned to an in-person 10-week yoga or waitlist control group. Participants self-reported demographic information; they completed body image measures online at baseline, 5 weeks, and program end. Study adherence, retention, and dropout rates were measured at program end to assess feasibility and acceptability. A total of 195 individuals contacted us with interest in the study, of which 82 (42%) were eligible. Fifty-seven participants were randomized (Mage of the sample was 52 years; 93% identified as White and 86% identified as a woman). Measures of feasibility (4.82/5 yoga, 3.42/5 control), acceptability (4.80/5 yoga, 3.33/5 control), and appropriateness (4.82/5 yoga, 3.35/5 control) supported the feasibility of the intervention condition. Secondary indicators of feasibility were also assessed. Twenty-one participants attended at least one yoga class, with mean attendance at the yoga classes 79%. All classes were delivered as intended. Sixteen (57%) and 18 (62%) participants in the yoga and control group, respectively, completed measures at all three time points. There was a total of 12 dropouts and 11 dropouts in the yoga and control group, respectively. There were improvements in functionality appreciation (η 2 p = .168) and body satisfaction with body function ( η 2 p = .105) in favor of those in the yoga intervention group. This pilot study provided insight into conducting a fully randomized controlled trial of a yoga program to improve positive body image in men and women across the adult lifespan. Although some changes, particularly to the recruitment of men and younger individuals, are necessary in subsequent studies, in general the yoga program was feasible to deliver and acceptable to participants. Changes to the control group to make it more acceptable would be beneficial. Exploratory analysis indicated the program could improve positive body image facets. NCT05899881. First submitted on May 24, 2023. First posted on June 12, 2023.