Association between inflammatory proteins and rotator cuff tears: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Figures

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  Fig. 1. The hypothesis principle of MR.

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  Fig. 2. The research workflow of this study.

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  Fig. 3. The result of MR analysis for 91 inflammatory proteins on rotator cuff tears.

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  Fig. 4. The putative association of IL-20 levels on rotator cuff tears. (A) A forest plot delineated the associations of SNPs associated with IL-20 levels on rotator cuff tears, highlighting individual SNP contributions. (B) Analysis using a funnel plot indicated minimal heterogeneity within this MR study, suggesting a uniform distribution of the effects across studies. (C) The leave-one-out method revealed that the removal of individual SNPs does not significantly alter the overall conclusions, indicating robustness in our findings. (D) Scatter plots illustrating the genetic associations between IL-20 levels and rotator cuff tears were used to visually assess the correlation between genetic predispositions and disease outcomes.

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  Fig. 5. The putative association of LIF levels on rotator cuff tears. (A) A forest plot was constructed to showcase the effects of SNPs linked to LIF levels on rotator cuff tears, presenting the influence of individual SNPs. (B) A funnel plot analysis indicated minimal heterogeneity across the MR analysis, supporting the consistency of the SNP effects. (C) Application of the leave-one-out method demonstrated that omitting individual SNPs does not critically alter the overarching conclusions, affirming the stability of our results. (D) Scatter plots were employed to depict the genetic associations between LIF levels and rotator cuff tears, facilitating a visual examination of the genetic linkage and potential association.

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  Fig. 6. The putative association of SLAM levels on rotator cuff tears. (A) A forest plot illustrated the association of SNPs related to SLAM levels on rotator cuff tears, detailing the impact of each genetic variant. (B) A funnel plot analysis revealed minimal heterogeneity within this MR study, suggesting a consistent effect size across the included SNPs. (C) The leave-one-out method confirmed that removing individual SNPs did not significantly influence the overall conclusions, indicating robustness in the association inference. (D) Scatter plots were generated to visually represent the genetic associations between SLAM levels and rotator cuff tears, providing insight into the genetic correlations and their potential pathways.