Understanding the social, emotional and economic challenges of surrogate mothers in Ghana: A phenomenogical study

Surrogacy is an emerging assisted reproductive practice in Ghana that expands pathways to parenthood but presents significant challenges for surrogate mothers. This study examines the lived experiences of surrogate mothers in Accra, focusing on the physical, emotional, social, and economic difficulties they face. The study adopted a phenomenological qualitative approach. 21 surrogate mothers were purposively sampled from three agencies in the Greater Accra Region. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically. The findings show that surrogates experience intense social stigma. Emotional distress, ranging from depression to symptoms of post-traumatic stress, often stems from abrupt separation from babies and limited psychological support. Physical challenges, including pregnancy complications and unwarranted caesarean sections, further shape their experiences. Economic exploitation emerged as a critical issue, with participants dissatisfied with inadequate compensation and minimal bargaining power. Surrogacy additionally strained personal relationships, with several women reporting partner conflict or separation. The study underscores the urgent need for regulatory frameworks that safeguard the rights and well-being of surrogate mothers. Clear legislation, mandatory counselling, fair compensation, and public education to reduce stigma are recommended. The study contributes to the limited literature on surrogacy in sub-Saharan Africa and offers insights for improving practice in Ghana.