Bioinspired Anisotropic Collagen-Based Conductive Hydrogels Promote Neuronal Differentiation via Activation of Mechanoelectrical Signaling

influx, and activate a mechanotransduction cascade involving the integrin-FAK signaling and Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear accumulation. Consequently, by utilizing the synergistic effects of aligned topologies, mechanical signals, and electrical stimuli to guide neuronal differentiation, we demonstrated the critical role of matrix microstructure in neuronal formation, as well as provided a platform for directing neural differentiation in vitro.