Cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome stage modifies the efficacy of intensive blood pressure control on cognitive outcomes: A post hoc analysis of SPRINT MIND

Figures

• 

  FIGURE 1. Participant flow of the study. CKM, cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic; SPRINT MIND, the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial – Memory and Cognition in Decreased Hypertension.

• 

  FIGURE 2. Kaplan–Meier estimation of cognitive impairment by baseline CKM status. CKM, cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic; MCI, mild cognitive impairment.

• 

  FIGURE 3. Adjusted HRs of intensive versus standard blood pressure control on cognitive outcomes in participants with and without advanced CKM. Adjusted for age, sex, race, education, smoking status, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, fasting total triglycerides, PREVENT 10‐year CVD risk, general health status, physical activity, and frailty index. CKM, cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; PREVENT, Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events.

• 

  FIGURE 4. Adjusted absolute risk reductions of intensive versus standard blood pressure control on the cognitive outcomes in participants with advanced and non‐advanced CKM. Adjusted for age, sex, race, education, smoking status, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, fasting total triglycerides, PREVENT 10‐year CVD risk, general health status, physical activity, and frailty index. ARRs were computed by 3 years instead of the original median follow‐up for clinical significance. ARR, absolute risk reduction; CKM, cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic; CVD, cardiovascular disease; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; PREVENT, Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events.