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June 29, 2026˜The œNational Medical Journal of IndiaOpen Access

Clinical profile and management of tetanus: A scoping review of evidence in the 21st century

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Authors

NGNitin GuptaPTPraveen Kumar TirlangiSASHREYA DAS ADHIKARI

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Overview

Scoping review examines clinical features and treatment of tetanus in various populations, highlighting critical management strategies.

Key Points

  • This review aims to assess the clinical features, treatment strategies, and outcomes of tetanus in the 21st century.
  • Systematic search of PubMed and Embase from 2000 to 2024 to identify studies on tetanus.
  • Data extraction and synthesis followed Arksey and O’Malley framework and PRISMA guidelines.
  • 34 studies met inclusion criteria.
  • Tetanus primarily affects older adults in developed regions; younger populations in developing nations are at risk due to insufficient immunization.
  • Mortality rates for tetanus range from 5.26% to 52.8%, with higher rates linked to short incubation periods and lack of ICU access.
  • Management includes human tetanus immunoglobulin (HTIG), antibiotics, and monitoring with increased emphasis on improving ICU access.

Cite This Study

Gupta et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a420b7af91bb43ea9192964https://doi.org/10.25259/nmji_382_2025
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