M. H. Birley, J. P. T. Boorman, Estimating the Survival and Biting Rates of Haematophagous Insects, with Particular Reference to the Culicoides obsoletus Group (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in Southern England, Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 51, No. 1 (Feb., 1982), pp. 135-148
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Birley et al. (1982) studied this question.