How is self-determination expressed by autistic youth? A qualitative approach of parents’ perspectives using Causal Agency Theory

Background Autistic youth and young adults often face barriers in developing their self-determination. Stakeholders’ perceptions of self-determination in autistic youth are often difficult to define and interpret in everyday contexts, despite the importance of self-determination for developmental outcomes. We aimed to explore parents’ perspectives on the expression of their autistic children’s self-determination.Method A qualitative descriptive design was used, interviewing 22 parents/caregivers of autistic youth. The content was analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.Results Family members reported that their children exhibited some strengths related to self-determination, including making decisions, expressing their preferences, setting goals, and recognizing their strengths and areas for growth. They also expressed challenges, such as difficulties with executive functioning, initiating actions, solving problems, adapting to contingencies, planning, and believing in themselves.Conclusions Parents/caregivers clearly identify the strengths and support needs of their autistic children, and their specific support needs must be considered when developing interventions, including their support in executive functioning. Also, professionals should support families in helping their children develop self-determination during the transition to adulthood.