Bioactive constituents of Nymphaea ‘Chularath’ parts: from antioxidant and antibacterial properties to anti-inflammatory and collagen-boosting activities

Nymphaea ‘Chularath’, a hybrid water lily in the Nymphaeaceae family, was investigated for its bioactive compounds and biological activities. Stamen, petal, and leaf were extracted using dichloromethane (C1–C3) and ethanol (E1–E3). Bioactivity-guided isolation yielded 13 compounds, identified by NMR. Compounds 1–10 and 12–13 were reported for the first time from this plant. Extracts were evaluated for antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, anti-nitric oxide, and pro-collagen (I) production activities. E1 showed the strongest antioxidant activity (42.93 ± 3.21 µg/mL) and highest phenolic content (223.96 ± 27.10 µg TAE/mL), whereas C1 exhibited higher cytotoxicity (IC50 of 0.50 ± 0.06 to 2.05 ± 0.03 mg/mL). Ethanolic extracts, especially E1, demonstrated superior anti-nitric oxide activity. Among isolated compounds, gallic acid showed the highest antioxidant activity, while ethyl pheophorbide A exhibited notable antibacterial activity. These results indicated that the extracts and bioactive compounds from Nymphaea ‘Chularath’, especially E1, had interesting bioactivity and can be a good candidate for the development of cosmeceutical products.