Improving soybean plant architecture is critical for enhancing yield potential. To dissect the genetics of related traits, a recombinant inbred line population of 175 F9: 12 families (derived from Glycine max cultivars Jidou 12 female × Ji NF58 male) was used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. Four key traits—plant height, bottom pod height, node number on main stem, and branch number—were analyzed across six environments (two growing seasons × three locations) via two methods: composite interval mapping (CIM, QTL Cartographer v2. 5) and mixed-model-based composite interval mapping (MCIM, QTLNetwork 2. 0). A total of 22 stable QTLs were detected, with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) of 1. 2–52. 5%. Co-localized QTLs (due to significant trait correlations) concentrated in three genomic intervals: Satt286-Sat₂51 (LG C2/chromosome 06), Satt156-Satt229 (LG L/chromosome 19), and Satt581-Sat₁90 (LG O/chromosome 10). A novel QTL (qBPH-O-2) for bottom pod height was identified on LG O. Major QTLs with QTL-by-environment (QE) interactions were found on LG A1 (plant height, node number on main stem) and qBN-C2-1 (branch number, high additive effects + QE interactions). These findings support marker-assisted selection (MAS), targeted plant architecture improvement, and gene pyramiding in soybean breeding.
Wang et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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