Key result
The seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease in cattle was 40.4%, with district, crossbreeding (OR 6), and co-mingling with small ruminants (OR 2.1) identified as significant risk factors.
Why the study?
Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals and endemic in Ethiopia, but seroprevalence and associated risk factors in West Shewa Zone needed estimation.
Cross-Sectional (n=384)
Yes
There is a high seroprevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease in cattle in the West Shewa Zone of Ethiopia, highlighting the need for regular vaccination.
Supports district-specific FMD surveillance in Ethiopian cattle; leaves open causal validation of crossbreeding and co-mingling risks.
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals and one of the endemic diseases in Ethiopia. The study was aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and to assess associated risk factors of foot and mouth disease seroprevalence in West Shewa Zone. A total of 384 sera samples were collected from randomly selected cattle and tested using ELISA for antibodies against nonstructural proteins of foot and mouth disease viruses based on IDEXX FMD Multispecies Ab Test (IDEXX Laboratories Inc, USA). The seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease in West Shewa Zone was found to be 40.4% (95% CI: 35.46–45.27) at an animal and 74.7% (95% CI: 65.58–83.85) at the herd level. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that districts, breed, and animal composition were the potential risk factors of FMD seropositivity. Accordingly, cattle found in Abuna Ginde Beret (odds ratio (OR): 9.1, 95% CI: 2.4–34.1, p=0.001), Cheliya (OR: 8.8, 95% CI: 2.5–31.3, p=0.001), Bako Tibe (OR: 7.6, 95% CI: 2.1–28.3, p=0.002), Tokekutaye (OR: 5.8, 95% CI: 1.7–19.5, p=0.004), and Jeldu (OR: 5.3, 95% CI: 1.3–21.5, p=0.020) districts were more at risk to be infected with FMD than cattle from Ambo. The odds of FMD seropositivity was significantly higher in cattle kept with small ruminants (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3–3.3, p=0.003) than cattle alone. The analysis also revealed that the odds of seropositivity were 6 times higher in crossbred compared with local cattle (p=0.003). The current study found high seroprevalence of FMD in West Shewa Zone. Therefore, cattle should be vaccinated regularly after the identification of specific FMD serotypes circulating in the study area.
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Ahmed et al. (2020) conducted a cross-sectional in Foot and mouth disease (FMD) (n=384). Risk factors (district, breed, and animal composition) vs. Reference groups (Ambo district, local breed, cattle kept alone) was evaluated on FMD seroprevalence at the animal level (95% CI 35.46-45.27). The seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease in cattle was 40.4%, with district, crossbreeding (OR 6), and co-mingling with small ruminants (OR 2.1) identified as significant risk factors.
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