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July 1, 2026Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering ResearchOpen Access

An Affordable Internet of Things Based Water Level Monitoring System for Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation Management in Paddy Cultivation

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Authors

SSSurajit SarkarJBJoy BiswasMAMohammad Monjurul Alam

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Overview

Randomized trial develops an IoT monitoring system for effective irrigation management in paddy cultivation, indicating potential for resource efficiency.

Key Points

  • To develop and validate an affordable IoT-based system for automating water level monitoring in paddy fields using alternate wetting and drying.
  • Developed a prototype using sensor probes connected to a solar-powered microcontroller.
  • Transmitted real-time water level data to a cloud database accessible via an Android application.
  • Conducted tests under controlled conditions with 30 observations to assess classification accuracy.
  • Achieved 100% water level classification accuracy across 30 observations (95% CI: 88.6%–100%).
  • Correctly categorized water levels into High, Low, and Very Low statuses.
  • System cost was USD 42, making it accessible to smallholder farmers.

Cite This Study

Sarkar et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a44add75cd2549c8bc4347bhttps://doi.org/10.46592/turkager.1855897
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigated Rice Paddy Field Water Status Monitoring with ALOS-2 Three Components and IoT Sensors2026 · 2 citations
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  4. 4Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) for Smart Water Irrigation Management System in Rice Cultivation2024
  5. 5IoT-Enabled Precision Irrigation Management Using Soil Moisture Sensor Networks and Machine Learning-Based Evapotranspiration Prediction2026