Single-nucleus transcriptomic profiling of severe traumatic brain injury in human and mouse cortex across multiple stages

This dataset presents single nucleus RNA sequencing data from human and mouse cortices across multiple stages of severe traumatic brain injury (STBI), enabling detailed dissection of cell type specific transcriptional responses to injury. By capturing over 140000 nuclei per species across acute and sub acute phases, this resource reveals both conserved injury associated programs including immune activation, remyelination, and metabolic responses, and human specific features such as a polarized oligodendrocyte state induced in humans post injury that is absent in mice. Comparative analysis highlights species divergent regulatory axes such as CALM2_HMGB1_ABCA1 signaling across human microglia and oligodendrocytes, which is not observed in mice. This cross species dataset helps bridge the species gap in modeling STBI, providing critical insights into inflammation, remyelination, and neuronal vulnerability, and supports translational efforts to develop targeted therapies.