An observation into the role of p53 immunomarker expression in endometrial carcinomas

Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the fourth most common malignancy in women and is the most common gynecological malignancy in developed countries and the second most common malignancy in developing countries. In a clinical scenario, the mutation in the TP53 gene can be used in multiple ways, such as to observe the difference between the histotype or within the histotype to study the outcomes, etc. As there are limited studies with conflicting statements, there is a strong need to observe the role of p53 immunomarker expression in endometrial carcinomas. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the role of p53 immunomarker expression in endometrial carcinomas. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective study conducted from May 2018 to May 2020. A total of 40 cases were diagnosed as endometrial carcinoma. The tissue received was processed by routine paraffin processing and stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin stains. Immunohistochemistry was performed. Records of clinical and radiological data were also collected. Biopsy specimens and hysterectomy specimens diagnosed as endometrial carcinoma were included in the study. Non-representative cases and mesenchymal tumors were excluded from the study. Results: Abnormal p53 expression, i.e., both overexpression and complete absence, constitute 22.5% (Table 5). Table 6 shows p53 expression in 9.5%, 16.6%, and 71.4% in Grades I, II, and III endometrial carcinomas, respectively. 8 cases (21.6%) had an abnormal pattern of p53 expression in the endometrioid type of carcinoma. Conclusion: P53 expression is a good predictor for endometrial carcinoma. The study results further support the immunostaining patterns of P53 in different endometrial carcinomas.