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July 1, 2026AtmosphereOpen Access

Temporal Variability and Evolution of PM2.5 Sources in an Urban Environment: A PIXE–PMF Study in Vilnius, Lithuania

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Authors

VAViachaslau AlifirenkaDPDaria PashnevaVKVitalij Kovalevskij

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Overview

Randomized trial investigates PM2.5 sources over time in an urban environment, indicating significant variability.

Key Points

  • The aim is to examine the long-term changes in PM2.5 sources in Vilnius over eight years.
  • Source apportionment using Positive Matrix Factorization based on PIXE analysis.
  • Data collected from 2013 to 2021 to assess variability.
  • Chemical profiles analyzed to identify different PM2.5 sources.
  • Identified substantial year-to-year variability in chemical profiles of PM2.5 sources.
  • Soil-derived particles' contributions rose to 91.2% by 2021.
  • Traffic emissions showed changing characteristics from non-exhaust to exhaust sources.

Cite This Study

Alifirenka et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a44b0085cd2549c8bc44ceahttps://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17070645
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