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September 3, 2026Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A

Seasonal and size-resolved elemental composition and source apportionment of atmospheric particulate matter in a coastal urban–industrial region of Zonguldak, Türkiye

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Authors

BABerrin Gürler AkyüzMAMehmet Akyüz

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Overview

Observational study reveals seasonal shifts in fine and coarse particulate composition in an industrial coastal region, highlighting major toxic contributions from winter coal combustion.

Key Points

  • To determine the seasonal and size-fractionated elemental composition of atmospheric particulate matter and apportion its emission sources in an urban–industrial coastal area.
  • Measured trace element concentrations across fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5–10) particulate matter fractions during heating and non-heating seasons in Zonguldak, Türkiye.
  • Calculated enrichment factors relative to titanium to distinguish natural crustal contributions from anthropogenic enrichment.
  • Applied Principal Component Analysis and Discriminant Analysis to identify source categories and classify seasonal and size-dependent geochemical profiles.
  • Heating season PM2.5 was markedly enriched with toxic elements, including arsenic, antimony, cadmium, lead, selenium, vanadium, nickel, and chromium from combustion and metallurgical activities.
  • Non-heating PM2.5–10 fractions were primarily composed of crustal dust, marine aerosols, and resuspended dust, accompanied by continuous baseline industrial emissions.
  • Multivariate analyses identified seven primary source factors: coal combustion, iron–steel production, shipping and fuel-oil use, traffic non-exhaust, crustal dust, marine aerosol, and resuspended fly ash.

Cite This Study

Akyüz et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a99352e636c6408cfa7d2b0https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2026.2724190
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