Family expectations reduce the risk of postpartum depression among mothers but not fathers.

= -0.22). Further, despite the high prevalence of fathers meeting the screening cutoff (27.9%), no significant between-group differences were found. These effects did not differ by levels of prenatal depressive symptoms for either parent. These findings suggest that community-based relationship education programs like Family Expectations have the potential to serve as a complementary approach to promoting maternal mental health alongside other established services. More research is still needed on strategies for fathers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).