Key result
High-fat challenges with MUFA and n-3 PUFA induced higher changes in expression of inflammation genes MCP1 and IL8 in PBMCs compared to an SFA challenge.
Why the study?
Does the type of fat (MUFA or n-3 PUFA vs SFA) in a high-fat challenge alter postprandial PBMC gene expression and metabolic responses in men with different metabolic risk phenotypes?
RCT (n=42)
Double-blind
Cross-over
No
Does the type of fat (MUFA or n-3 PUFA vs SFA) in a high-fat challenge alter postprandial PBMC gene expression and metabolic responses in men with different metabolic risk phenotypes?
p-value: p=<0.05
High-fat challenges with MUFA or n-3 PUFA elicit distinct postprandial inflammatory and metabolic responses compared to SFA, with MUFA inducing the most pronounced triglyceride response, suggesting its utility in metabolic stress testing.
MUFA challenges may better unmask postprandial TAG and PBMC gene-expression differences across metabolic phenotypes; extends validation of nutritional challenge tests as dynamic health biomarkers.
BACKGROUND: The ability of subjects to respond to nutritional challenges can reflect the flexibility of their biological system. Nutritional challenge tests could be used as an indicator of health status but more knowledge on metabolic and immune responses of different subjects to nutritional challenges is needed. The aim of this study was to compare the responses to high-fat challenges varying in fat type in subjects with different metabolic risk phenotypes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In a cross-over design 42 men (age 50-70 y) consumed three high-fat shakes containing saturated fat (SFA), monounsaturated fat (MUFA) or n-3 polyunsaturated (PUFA). Men were selected on BMI and health status (lean, obese or obese diabetic) and phenotyped with MRI for adipose tissue distribution. Before and 2 and 4 h after shake consumption blood was drawn for measurement of expression of metabolic and inflammation-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), plasma triglycerides (TAG), glucose, insulin, cytokines and ex vivo PBMC immune response capacity. The MUFA and n-3 PUFA challenge, compared to the SFA challenge, induced higher changes in expression of inflammation genes MCP1 and IL1β in PBMCs. Obese and obese diabetic subjects had different PBMC gene expression and metabolic responses to high-fat challenges compared to lean subjects. The MUFA challenge induced the most pronounced TAG response, mainly in obese and obese diabetic subjects. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The PBMC gene expression response and metabolic response to high-fat challenges were affected by fat type and metabolic risk phenotype. Based on our results we suggest using a MUFA challenge to reveal differences in response capacity of subjects. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00977262.
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Dijk et al. (2012) conducted an RCT in Metabolic risk phenotypes (lean, obese, obese diabetic) (n=42). High-fat challenges (MUFA or n-3 PUFA) vs. SFA high-fat challenge was evaluated on Postprandial gene expression changes of immune-related and lipid metabolism-related genes in PBMCs (p=<0.05). High-fat challenges with MUFA and n-3 PUFA induced higher changes in expression of inflammation genes MCP1 and IL8 in PBMCs compared to an SFA challenge.
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