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How can risk assessment scores and biomarkers be used to predict and manage the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with active malignancy?
How can risk assessment scores and biomarkers be used to predict and manage the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with active malignancy?
Risk assessment using validated scores and biomarkers is recommended for all cancer patients to identify those at high risk for VTE and guide targeted thromboprophylaxis.
May support targeted thromboprophylaxis in high-risk cancer patients; leaves open prospective validation of biomarkers.
Patients with active malignancy are well-known to be at higher risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the risk of VTE varies considerably between patients and in the same patient over the natural history of their malignancy. Multiple clinical risk factors including primary site of cancer, use of systemic therapy including novel targeted agents, surgery, and hospitalization are known to increase the risk of VTE. Multiple candidate biomarkers including tissue factor, D-dimer, and soluble P-selectin have been identified. However, risk cannot be reliably predicted based on single risk factors or biomarkers. A risk assessment score has been validated in multiple populations and can identify patients at high risk for cancer-associated VTE. This review discusses the risk factors, predictive biomarkers, and new guidelines, which recommend risk assessment of VTE for all cancer patients. Potential applications of risk assessment, including targeted thromboprophylaxis, are also identified in this review.
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Gomes et al. (2014) studied this question. The provided text is a journal masthead and contains no clinical research findings.
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