Clinical Profile of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Young Adults

Background and Objective: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is an umbrella term representing a common end result, acute myocardial ischemia: Including ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-STEMI (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (UA). The present study was undertaken to observe and compare the clinical profile of ACS in male and female young adults. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at cardiac ward and cardiac intensive care unit, Little Flower Hospital and Research Centre, Angamaly. 50 male and female participants admitted with ACS were recruited for the study after obtaining written informed consent by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. The statistical test used is regression analysis and Student’s t-test. Results: Female’s age group is significantly different than males. Body mass index (BMI) is not significantly different in males and female participants. NSTEMI and UA incidence are significantly higher in females (P < 0.001). While significantly higher incidence rate of STEMI ACS was observed in males (P < 0.001). 48.65% of male patients had dyslipidemia (DLP), while only 38.46% of female patients had DLP. The incidence rate of DLP was significantly (P = 0.0067) higher in male patients. Significantly greater number of male patients presented symptoms of chest pain, while female patients presented with symptoms of chest pain or chest discomfort. The symptoms chest discomfort was significantly lower in male patients. While 7.69% of female patients presented with chest heaviness or abdominal pain, these symptoms were not observed among male patients. A symptom of sweating was prominently observed in male patients, while symptoms of retrosternal pain and tiredness were exclusive to male patients. A symptom of vomiting was equally reported by both male and female patients. Furthermore, the observation of multiple symptoms was significantly (P < 0.01) higher among male patients. As the r2 value is positive, the correlation between the parameters, although very low its positive. Female’s age group is significantly different than males. BMI is not significantly different in males and female participants. Both systolic and diastolic pressures were not significantly different in the participants. High-density lipoproteins, fasting blood sugar, low-density lipoproteins cholesterol is slightly higher in females; however, it is not statistically significant. Triglycerides and troponin I were lower in females than males. However, it is not statistically significant. Blood urea and serum creatinine were slightly lower in females than males; however, it is not statistically significant. No difference in uric acid levels was observed. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase enzyme levels are lower in females when compared with males; however, it is not statistically significant. Sodium levels are slightly lower in females, and potassium levels are slightly higher in females when compared with males; however, it is not statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study indicates NSTEMI and UA incidence was higher in females, and STEMI incidence was higher in males. We recommend further detailed multicenter study in this area with higher sample size to confirm the results and implement preventive measures for the benefit of the society in general.