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July 2, 2026EPL (Europhysics Letters)Open Access

Universal representation of the long-range entanglement in the family of Toric Code states

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Authors

MZMohammad Hossein ZareiMHMohsen Rahmani Haghighi

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Overview

Randomized trial investigates entanglement structure in Toric Code states, suggesting new insights for topological orders.

Key Points

  • This research aims to demonstrate that all Toric Code states share a universal entanglement structure regardless of their geometric realization.
  • Analyzed various planar graph realizations of Toric Code states.
  • Applied a fixed set of non-local unitaries to generate states from quantum ladders.
  • Investigated the use of disentanglers on qubits corresponding to non-contractible cycles.
  • Disentanglers convert Toric Code states into a tensor product of Kitaev’s Ladder states regardless of the underlying graph’s geometry.
  • Confirmed that long-range entanglement in the Toric Code arises from a specific pattern between lower-dimensional subsystems.
  • Revealed a precise decomposable structure in the entanglement of Toric Code’s topological phase.

Cite This Study

Zarei et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a45fecd9ed134303130f747https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/ae83e0
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