Key result
A higher GDS-15 score on admission independently predicted worsening of the Clinical Frailty Scale score at 3 months post-discharge in older acute-care inpatients (OR 1.109, p=0.002).
Why the study?
It was unknown whether a higher Geriatric Depression Scale-15 score on admission predicts worsening of the Clinical Frailty Scale score after discharge in older acute-care inpatients.
Does a higher GDS-15 score on admission predict worsening of the Clinical Frailty Scale score after discharge in older acute-care inpatients?
Cohort (n=601)
Yes
Does a higher GDS-15 score on admission predict worsening of the Clinical Frailty Scale score after discharge in older acute-care inpatients?
Odds Ratio: 1.109
p-value: p=0.002
A higher GDS-15 score on admission independently predicts post-discharge frailty deterioration in older acute-care inpatients, suggesting the utility of depression screening for identifying at-risk patients.
May flag post-discharge frailty risk in older inpatients; hypothesis-generating and should not yet change practice.
AIM: This study aimed to determine whether a higher Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) score on admission is associated with worsening of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score from discharge to 3 months after discharge in older patients hospitalized for acute care. METHODS: This multicenter prospective study was performed at three university hospitals and one national medical center in Japan between October 2019 and July 2023. A total of 601 patients were analyzed. Post-discharge CFS worsening was defined as a ≥ 1-point increase in CFS score from discharge to 3 months after discharge. Logistic regression, subgroup, sensitivity, and formal interaction analyses were performed. RESULTS: From discharge to 3 months after discharge, the CFS score worsened in 87 patients (14.5%). The worsened group had significantly higher GDS-15 scores on admission (p = 0.047). After adjustment for age, sex, baseline CFS score, CCI value, and MMSE score, a higher GDS-15 score was associated with greater odds of CFS worsening (OR 1.109, p = 0.002). In subgroup analysis, this association was observed in patients with baseline CFS scores ≥ 4 (OR 1.106, p = 0.007), but not in those with baseline CFS scores ≤ 3. The formal interaction test was not significant (p = 0.969). The association remained significant in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: A higher GDS-15 score on admission independently predicted post-discharge CFS worsening in older acute-care inpatients. GDS-15 screening on admission may help identify patients requiring closer post-discharge monitoring for frailty deterioration.
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Yamada et al. (2026) conducted a cohort in Acute care hospitalization in older patients (n=601). Higher Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) score vs. Lower GDS-15 score was evaluated on Post-discharge Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) worsening (≥ 1-point increase in CFS score from discharge to 3 months after discharge) (OR 1.109, p=0.002). A higher GDS-15 score on admission independently predicted worsening of the Clinical Frailty Scale score at 3 months post-discharge in older acute-care inpatients (OR 1.109, p=0.002).
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