Study on Ergonomic Footwear Design framework informed by lower limb Biomechanical Characteristics

Background Foot ailments like plantar fasciitis are increasingly prevalent, exacerbated by improper footwear and urban environments that alter natural biomechanics, necessitating ergonomic solutions. Objective This study aims to develop an integrated ergonomic footwear design framework grounded in the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limb. The goal is to translate principles of dynamics and kinematics into practical design strategies that enhance comfort, prevent injury, and improve mobility across diverse populations. Methods An interdisciplinary approach was employed, synthesizing findings from biomechanical literature, material science, and ergonomic design. The methodology involved analyzing the interaction between foot anatomy, gait mechanics, and existing footwear shortcomings to derive data-driven design principles for key components including the toe box, rocker sole, arch support, and heel counter. Results The framework specifies data-driven strategies: a 10°–15° toe spring with lateral flexion grooves for natural joint motion; a 4–6 mm lateral heel wedge to align posture; rigid heel counters and torsion plates for stability; and adaptive closures for dynamic fit. Conclusions The proposed framework successfully bridges the gap between biomechanical theory and practical footwear design. By prioritizing anatomical alignment and dynamic gait support, ergonomic footwear can significantly mitigate musculoskeletal stress. Future advancements should leverage technologies like 3D scanning and AI for personalized, accessible design, ultimately transforming footwear into a proactive tool for enhancing global mobility and health.