Design of a Wireless Sensor Node Powered System by Kinetic Energy Harvesters

Energy harvesting is a method of extracting ambient resources and converting them into electrical energy. Unlike other ambient sources such as solar or thermal energy, kinetic energy does not depend on weather conditions and geographic location. Power‐generating devices such as motors, compressors, heat exchangers, electromagnetic generators, piezoelectric and electrostatic generators are sources of kinetic energy. Although the energy harvested is in the milliwatt or microwatt range, electrical circuits can be developed and used to provide viable power sources for wireless sensors and other low‐power applications. This paper presents the evaluation and identification of optimal components for the proposed circuit using the Proteus 8 and PSpice software. The simulated DC output voltage ranges from 0.03 to 1.514 V from input power levels ranging from −67 to 0 dBm. From the simulation results, the proposed harvester circuit achieves optimal performance with an efficiency of 93.7%, the output voltage reaches a peak of around 1.5 V, which is suitable for supplying energy to wireless sensor nodes applications, meeting the energy demands of sensing systems effectively, and providing a sustainable alternative to traditional chemical batteries. The proposed harvesting system offers a practical approach to energy management, utilizing low kinetic energy power levels as inputs and producing sustainable power sources.