Plasma D-dimer concentrations as a risk factor in patients with acute heart failure

Objective: The clinical study aims to evaluate the risk factors associated with Acute Heart Failure (AHF) patients, classified according to clinical symptoms and signs. Methods and findings : 181 AHF patients took part in this cross-sectional clinical investigation. Additionally, there are four categories of AHF patients (warm and wet, warm and dry, cold and wet, and cold and dry) and this not only guides the treatment therapy but also enables the progression of AHF in patients to be assessed. Results: Based on the results of the standard logistic regression, it can be concluded that individuals with acute heart failure with elevated d-dimer levels were substantially more likely to be "cool and dry" (odds ratio [OR] 1.12, 95% confidence intervals [CI] (0.017;0.212); P=0.022). Additionally, a strong association was identified between the "cold and dry" and the lower patient age (OR 0.95, 95% CI (-0.084;0.011); P=0.011). However, it is important to note that the age differences between the four groups have little clinical significance. Conclusions: It can be deduced that there is a significant relationship between the essential circumstances of symptoms and signs in patients with AHF and higher d-dimer levels.