Evolutionary applications of electrical stimulation in bone repair: bibliometric trends and temporal dynamics

Bone defects cause life-threatening risks and reduced quality of life. Researchers are advancing electrical stimulation technologies through sustained innovation to address these challenges. This review used a dual analytical approach integrating bibliometric analysis and expert modeling to systematically evaluate the evolution and trends of electrical stimulation in bone regeneration. A total of 2,069 publications from the Web of Science Core Collection met the inclusion criteria. Early-stage research focused on electrical properties of bone and electrical stimulation stimulator design. Recent trends show growing emphasis on novel material discovery and optimization for electrical stimulation applications. The field was undergoing rapid expansion, engaging growing numbers of countries, institutions, and researchers worldwide.