A Review Article on Isolation, Characterization, Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Potential of Tectona Grandis Seeds

Tectona grandis L.f. (teak) is a widely distributed tropical tree species known for its significant medicinal, ecological, and commercial importance. It is classified within the family Lamiaceae (previously categorized under Verbenaceae) and is noted for its valuable phytochemical constituents and biological properties. Besides its excellent timber quality, the plant has gained scientific attention due to the presence of diverse secondary metabolites with significant biological activities. Bioactive molecules derived from natural plant sources have attracted considerable scientific attention owing to their various pharmacological properties, which encompass antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and therapeutic effects. Body's antioxidant defenses, resulting leading to the deterioration of critical cellular molecules, including proteins, membrane lipids, and DNA, through oxidative stress. This imbalance is linked to the onset and advancement of several chronic diseases. Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants function as natural antioxidants by neutralizing free radicals and aiding in the maintenance of cellular stability and function.Tectona grandis contains various phytoconstituents such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, quinones, terpenoids, lignans, saponins, and fatty acids, which contribute to its pharmacological properties. This review summarizes the botanical characteristics, taxonomical classification, geographical distribution, phytochemical profile, and biological importance of Tectona grandis. Existing research findings indicate that Tectona grandis may serve as a promising source of natural antioxidant agents, suggesting its potential applications in the development of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products.