Preparation of Permeable Polymersomes for Biomedical Applications

In recent years, with the rapid progress in bioinspired and self-assembly technologies, vesicles that mimic cell membranes have attracted growing research interest. Among them, polymersomes prepared from natural or biodegradable polymers have emerged as a key focus in biomedicine due to their excellent stability, superior biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. In particular, permeable polymersomes, as highly biomimetic systems, possess a double-layered membrane structure that enables efficient substance and energy exchange with the external environment, closely resembling natural cell membranes. The entanglement of polymer chains combined with the permeable membrane structure confers outstanding mechanical stability and enhanced permeability, allowing small molecules to pass through while retaining macromolecules inside the vesicle cavity. These unique properties endow permeable polymersomes with broad application potential in drug delivery, diagnostic imaging, and nanoreactors. Given this background, this review summarizes the preparation methods of permeable polymersomes and their recent advances in biomedical applications.