Toward precision in nutrition therapy (Critical care; uses biochemical markers like glucose, urea, nitrogen balance to individualize feeding)

Optimal nutritional support is a fundamental component of critical care management. Patients admitted to intensive care units frequently experience profound metabolic alterations due to severe illness, inflammation, and organ dysfunction. Traditional approaches to nutrition therapy often rely on generalized guidelines rather than individualized metabolic needs. However, emerging evidence suggests that personalized nutrition strategies based on biochemical and metabolic markers can improve patient outcomes. Biomarkers such as blood glucose, serum urea, nitrogen balance, inflammatory markers, and metabolic indicators provide valuable insights into the metabolic state of critically ill patients. These markers enable clinicians to tailor nutritional interventions according to individual physiological requirements. This review discusses the concept of precision nutrition therapy in critical care, focusing on the role of biochemical markers in guiding individualized nutritional support. Methodological considerations, clinical applications, and future directions for precision nutrition in critical care are also explored.