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This review analyzes HIV counselling and testing methods, highlighting challenges and implications for HIV stigma reduction in South Africa.
South Africa has the highest rates of HIV infection of any country in the world. Once an individual has been tested for HIV, prevention can be reinforced and referral made to available treatment, care and support services. A potential added benefit is that increasing the number of people who know their HIV status through expanded access to HIV counselling and testing may also result in a decrease in HIV-related stigma, leading to a "normalisation" of the HIV epidemic.
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Human Sciences Research Council (2026) studied this question.
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